The beginning of period préangkorienne - 1975 |
The period préangkorienne |
Ier - VIéme Century |
FOU-NAN constituted in the low valley of the Mekong, which developed before the Khmer empire. A rich and powerful State
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VI - VIIIéme Century |
Kingdom of the TCHEN-LA, is a kingdom shivaïtes Khmer, Succeeding the kingdom of the FOU-NAN.
TCHEN-LA is a Chinese word.
The kingdom parts in two:
South TChen-La is the TChenla of Water, more developed
North TChen-LA is the TChenla of Earth.
King founanais Jayavarman dies in 514, his son - Rudravarman - seized the power
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The period angkorienneVIIIéme Century - 1431(Kingdom of Angkor) |
802 |
Jayavarman II proclaimed himself king, first Khmer king, who is the founder of the Khmer empire and the kingdom of Angkor.
He installed his capital in the region of Phnom Kulen, far from the sea and from the Mekong.
The kingdom TChen-La was replaced by the Khmer Empire.
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854-877 |
Reign of Jayavarman III - Son of Jayavarman II
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877-889 |
Indravarman I - distant one nephew of Jayavarman III, was a trés big sovereign and a big builder: Preah Ko ( the sacred beef)): six towers of aligned bricks three by three on two rows, in 879.
Bakong: a temple-mountain, in 881.
Loleï and Baray: the first gigantic system of irrigation.
It is the period of the magnificence of the art angkorien.
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900 - 910 |
Yaçovarman I - son of Indravarman. Construction: the achévement of Loleï Phnom Bakeng: this pyramid was cut in the rock of the hill.
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912 - 922 |
Harsavarman Ier - son of Yasovarman I
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922-928 |
Reign of Yaçovarman II - Brother of Fils d'Yasovarman I
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The classic age of Angkor |
928-942 |
Jayavarman IV - Uncle of Yaçovarman II, becomes king in the death of Yaçovarman II
He left reign in Koh Ker in 70 km d 'Angkor
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944 |
Reign of Harshavarman II - son of king Jayavarman IV
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944-968 |
Rajendravarman II - Son of a sister of Yaçovarman. Angkor became again major royal King big builder : the temples of oriental Mébon and Pré rup.
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968-1001 |
Jayavarman V. Son of Rajendravarman II.
Construction: the surrounding wall of the Palais Royal, the pyramid of Phimeanakas and the Temple-mountain of Ta Keo.
This king dies in 1001, did not leave heirs
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1001 - 1002 |
Maternal Udayadityavarman I-Neveu of Jayavarman V
Its death starts a civil war of nine years.
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1002-1050 |
1002-1010 is a Period of confusions and disorder.
Two pretenders in the trone: Jayaviravarman and Suryavarman Ier. Suryavarman Ier becomes a king, after a war of nine years which ends with the defeat of king Jayaviravarman (which disparait after this war).Suryavarman Ier died in 1050, aprés fifty years of Reign.
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1050-1066 |
Reign of Udayadityavarman II, son of Suryavarman Ier. He finished the construction of the reservoir of western Baray and to build " the ornament of three worlds ", the temple Baphuon.
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1066-1080 |
Harshavarman III-brother of Udayadityavarman II:
Preah Vihear and of Prah Khan restorations of the kingdom
Wars against Champa
He died in 1080, at the end of the dynasty of Suryavarman Ier.
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1080-1107 |
Jayavarman VI has no kinship with Suryavarman Ier
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1107-1113 |
Dharanindravarman Ier -brother of Jayavarman VI.
He is killed by his nephew Suryavarman II to take the power.
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1113-1150 |
Reign of Suryavarman II - began the construction of the extraordinary Angkor Wat
His reign was one of the most glorious of Angkor.
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1150-1160 |
Dharanindravarman II - Troubled Period
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1160-1165 |
Yacovarman II is killed by Tribhuvanadityavarman
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1165-1177 |
Reign of Tribhuvanadityavarman Angkor is besieged , looted and the king is killed by the Chams who occupy pedantic four years.
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1181-1218 |
Reign of Jayavarman VII - son of Dharanindravarman II . Victory on the Chams, constructions :
Angkor Thom, Bayon, Ta Prohm (in 1186-in memory of his mother), Preah Khan (1191- to the memory of his father), banteay Kdei, Ta Som, neak PEAN, Terrace of elephants and leper king.
Jayavarman VII fact of Mahayana Buddhism the religion of the empire.
He built a new baray (another type of hydraulic structure).
He is the greatest king of Angkor
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1219-1243 |
Reign of Indravarman II - |
1243-1295 |
Reign of Jayavarman VIII-
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1295-1307 |
Reign of Srindravarman
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1307-1327 |
Reign of Srindrajayavarman
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1327 |
Reign ofJayavamadi Paramesvara - Last sovereign
End of the constructions and also of the chronology of the kings.
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The time postangkorienne |
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Reign of Trorsok Phaèm
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1346-1351 |
Lompong-réachéa - Eldest son of Nirpean Bat. , was crowned king at the age of 54 years.
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1352-1357 |
First taken of Angkor by the Thais (the kingdom of Ayuthia). Two princes siamese prevailing there successively.
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1357-1370 |
Suryavong - brother of Lompong-réachéa, resumed Angkor and is crowned king.
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1370-1380 |
Barom-réaméa - son of Lompong-réachéa |
1380-1393 |
Thommo-Sokaréachéa- brother of Barom-réaméa |
1393-1404 |
Angkor ransacked by the Siamese-a prince siamese prevails there |
1431 - 1859 : The decline |
1432 |
Angkor was totally deserted after a second invasion siamese of Ayuthaya.
The king abandoned Angkor and installed its capital to Longvek( located between Phnom Penh and in the south of the Tonlé Sap).
Beginning of a long period of decline.
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1515-1566 |
The king Ang Chan Ier reoccupied Angkor. He manages to crush the army siamese to Siem Reap (place of battle: siamese overwritten) in 1525.
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1566-1576 |
Borom-réachéa - son of Ang Chan Ier
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1576-1594 |
Satha Ier - son of Borom-réachéa, He continued to fight against the Siamese attacks.
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1594 |
Longvek is taken and devastated.
According to the legend ,the Siamese threw pieces of moneys in the ramparts of bamboo protecting the city.The soldiers khmer allegedly destroyed to recover the booty,thereby depriving themselves of their protection.
The king and his sons are on the run in Laos.
An impostor réam Cheung Prei is proclaimed King.
Satha Ier and his eldest son died in 1594.
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1596-1599 |
One of the four sons of Satha Ier, Borom Reachea-II (Chao Ponhea-tone) mounted on the throne.
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1600-1603 |
Ponhéa-Nhom - Third son of de Satha Ier
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1603-1618 |
Srei-Soryopor - brother of Satha Ier
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1618-1627 |
Chey-Chetha II - Eldest Son of de Srei-Soryopor , He marries a princess Vietnamese and establishes the capital to Oudong(north of Phnom Penh) for a long period. The Vietnamese immigration progressed in the Cambodian provinces . The territory South-west of the country would become the cochinchine whose Prei Nokor(saigon).
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1627-1631 |
Ponhéa-To - Eldest Son of de Chey-Chetha II . He will be killed by his uncle Preah Outey.
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1640-1641 |
Ang-Non , Son of Preah Outey on the throne
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1641-1659 |
Ponhéa-Chan - son of Chey-Chetha II. It fact Assassinate preah Outey and ang-Non.
He marries a princess malaise and converts to Islam.
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1659 -1672 |
Botum réachéa- It fact eliminate Ponhea-chan and then makes himself a king.
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1672-1675 |
Ang-Chi -Eldest son of Botum réachéa.
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1675-1706 |
Chey-Chetha IV- brother of Ang-Chi
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1706-1709 |
Thommo-réachéa III- son of Chey-Chetha IV
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1710-1722 |
Ang-Em - son of Ang-Non
In 1715, he transferred to the Vietnamese the regions of Peam(Hatien),rach Già and the island of Koh Trâl (Phu Quoc).
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1722-1737 |
Satha II ,son of Ang-Em
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1738-1747 |
Thommo-Reachea III returns to the throne
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1747-1757 |
Ang-Im- son of Thommo-réachéa III.
Ang-Tong
Satha II
Ang-Snguon- son of Thommo-réachéa III.
Ang-Tong
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1758-1775 |
Preah Outey II
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1775-1779 |
Ang-Non
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1779 |
Ang-Eng -son of Preah Outey II, roi à 6 ans
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1782 |
Ang-Eng - fled to Siam
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1794-1796 |
Ang-Eng is Crown in Bangkok by the king of Siam, and then returned to Cambodia.
In 1794, the Siam takes the provinces of Battambang and Angkor.
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1796-1834 |
Ang Chan II, Eldest son of Ang-Eng, He becomes king in 5 years.
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1834-1842 |
Ang Duong -brother of Ang Chan II, resumed Oudong
appealed to the Siamese to hunt the army annamite(Vietnamese) cloud forests .
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1846 |
A peace agreement is signed.
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1847-1859 |
Ang Duong is Crown by the representatives of Siam and the Dai-Viet (Vietnam) in 1847.
Le territoire va subir amputation sur amputation:
- Vietnam absorbed a large number of province in the East.
- Thailand annex successively the provinces of Angkor, Battambang, Tonle repou, Saac, Stung Treng, Melu Prey, Stung Por,to the west.
In 1848 - Cambodia is under siamese control.
In 1855 - The king appealed to Napoleon III(Nephew of Napoleon I - the first president of the French Republic).
In 1859 - The French start the conquest of Cochin and settle in Saigon.
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Period of the French protectorate |
The king norodom |
1860-1904 |
Has the death of Ang duong ,his son Ang Voddey, becomes norodom
In 1863: he signed a treaty of protectorate and the government of Napoleon III. The kingdom is placed under French protectorate.
In 1864: he is Crown in the presence of the representatives of France and of Siam.
In 1865: he installs in Phnom Penh which became the capital of Cambodia.
Norodom dies the April 25, 1904.
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The king Sisowath |
1904-1927 |
Has the death of Norodom, sisowath(half-brother of Norodom )at the age of 66 years , is proclaimed King ,according to the will of the french administrators.
In 1907: restitution, the provinces of Battambang, Siem Reap and Sisophon that the Siam occupied since 1794.
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1927-1941 |
Monivong, Son of Sisowath, is Crown in 1928 and collaborated with the French authorities.
In 1940:France, conquered by the Germans, the Indochina is under the military control of Japan.
The Siam has adopted the name of the Thailand, make Alliance with the Japanese and again that the Siam occupied the provinces Battambang and Siem Reap.
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The king Sihanouk |
1941 |
Death of King Sisowath monivong, Sihanouk (The little son of Monivong), mounted on the throne the October 28, 1941, chooses from the French authorities.
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1945 |
Son Ngoc Thanh becomes minister of foreign affairs and then,chairman of the council of ministers.
After the Japanese capitulation. The general Leclerc arrives in Phnom Penh and done stop Son Ngoc Thanh.
Sihanouk proclaimed the independence of Cambodia.
The prince Sisowath Monireth (son of Monivong) is appointed to head a new government.
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1946 |
The Thais are leaving Cambodia ,refund the provinces of Battambang, Siem Reap and Sisophon.
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1949 |
A treaty franco-Cambodian recognizes the independence of Cambodia.
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1951 |
Son Ngoc Thanh, in exile in France, is authorized to return to Cambodia and will be in leak a few months later to form a movement against Sihanouk.
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1953 |
Sihanouk obtains the independence of Cambodia.
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1954 |
Geneva Agreement, restoration of peace in Indochina. The French troops to withdraw from Cambodia. The sovereignty of the new State will be internationally recognized in the Geneva conference, the July 21, 1954.
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1955 |
Sihanouk abdicated in favor of his father norodom Suramarit ,but continues to exercise its power.
Sihanouk created a rally appointed the Sangkum Reastr Niyum (Socialist Community Popular ) which will become the single party until 1970.
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1957 |
Unilateral Declaration of neutrality of Cambodia.
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1958 |
The Thai army occupy the temple of Preah Vihear, Cambodian territory.
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1959 |
The conspiracy led by DAP Chhuon, governor of Siem Reap, is disclosed by the French secret service and Chinese.
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1960 |
Death of King Suramarit.
Sihanouk is appointed head of the state by the national Assembly.His policy causes of disputes.
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1962 |
Refund in Cambodia of the temple of Preah Vihear, recognized in 1962 by the international tribunal in
La Haye
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1963 |
The communists take the marquis with the Khmer Rouge (Khmer Krohorm)
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1966 |
Speech by Charles de Gaulle in the olympic stadium in Phnom Penh.
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1968 |
government Penn Nouth.
Inauguration of the airport of BEK Chan(Battambang).
Lon Nol is the prime minister
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1969 |
The Cambodia becomes a member of the International Monetary Fund.
Resignation of the government Penn Nouth.
Sihanouk forms government of general Lon Nol.
Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak (cousin of Sihanouk) is named deputy Prime Minister. < / br >
Lon Nol leaves be looked in France. Sirik Matak governs.
The first bombardment of Cambodia by American B-52.
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1970 |
Sihanouk travels to France.
The Coup of General Lon Nol.
Sihanouk leaves Paris for Pekin.
The members of the National Assembly and the Council of the kingdom vote for the dismissal of Sihanouk of the functions of Head of State.
Cheng Heng, president of the National Assembly, already acting as Head of State on an interim basis in the absence of Sihanouk, becomes the new Head of State, as expected by the constitution.
Sihanouk calls the peasant mass in the uprising. The prince forms with the Khmer Rouges and camps communist (Chinese and Vietnamese), a Liberation Army against the government of Lon Nol.
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1971 |
Lon Nol, reaches of Hemiplegia, hand follow a treatment in Hawaii. .He returns in Cambodia in early April and will delegate its powers to Sarik Matak.
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1972 |
Sarik Matak resigns, and Son Ngoc Thanh is named Prime Minister.
Cheng Heng resigns.
Lon Nol is elected a president of the republic in spite of aftereffects of his cerebral vascular accident. It is the circle of acquaintances and his young brother colonel Lon Non, who steer for him.
Resignation of Son Ngoc Thanh. Hang Thun Hak is named Prime Minister.
Visit of H. Kissinger in Phnom Penh
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1973 |
Hang Thun Hak resigns.
In May, 1973:In Tam is named Prime Minister, he resigns 6 months later.
Long Boret is named Prime Minister.
The stop of the American bombardments.
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1974 |
The firing of rockets on Phnom Penh.
The American Congress to cut the credit for economic and military assistance.
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1975 |
Beginning 1975 the Khmer rouge launch a general offensive on Phnom Penh.
The town can no longer be reached only by air.
1 April 1975: Lon Nol left Cambodia with his family and his close associates.
The president of the Senate, Saukham Koy is named a Head of State on an interim basis.
In April 12th, 1975: the operation " Eagle Pull " within the American Embassy in Phnom Penh. < / br >
The ambassador of the United States and all the staff of the embassy leave Phnom Penh by helicopters, as well as some Cambodians of whom Saukham Koy.
In April 17th, 1975: fall of Phnom Penh. The Khmer Rouges take the control of the country.
At the beginning of the first massive deportations of the urban populations.
In September 20th, 1975: refugees arrived in Thailand.
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